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          【Ubuntu】Win11 VmWare虚拟机安装Ubuntu 22.04.1-server
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        <h1 id="引言"><a href="#引言" class="headerlink" title="引言"></a>引言</h1><p>如标题所说，属于个人虚拟机安装Ubuntu的笔记记录。</p>
<h1 id="VM安装"><a href="#VM安装" class="headerlink" title="VM安装"></a>VM安装</h1><p>这里建议使用果核的PJ版本，实乃国产良心。</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2h4aS5jb20vdm13YXJlMTUuaHRtbA==" title="https://www.ghxi.com/vmware15.html">VMware Workstation Pro v16.2.3 官方版+激活密钥 - 果核剥壳 (ghxi.com)<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></p>
<p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2h4aS5jb20vdm13YXJlMTUuaHRtbA==" title="https://www.ghxi.com/vmware15.html">VMware Workstation Pro(VM虚拟机) v16.2.5 官方版+激活密钥 - 果核剥壳 (ghxi.com)<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></p>
<p>新版vmware安装包下载链接：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9wYW4uYmFpZHUuY29tL3MvMTBEQm1OUjBiOXhwclUxcXJNOWtYM0E=" title="https://pan.baidu.com/s/10DBmNR0b9xprU1qrM9kX3A">https://pan.baidu.com/s/10DBmNR0b9xprU1qrM9kX3A<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></p>
<p>提取码：w94s</p>
<p>vmware16许可证密钥：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ZF3R0-FHED2-M80TY-8QYGC-NPKYF</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">YF390-0HF8P-M81RQ-2DXQE-M2UT6</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ZF71R-DMX85-08DQY-8YMNC-PPHV8</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">FF31K-AHZD1-H8ETZ-8WWEZ-WUUVA</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">CV7T2-6WY5Q-48EWP-ZXY7X-QGUWD</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">5A02H-AU243-TZJ49-GTC7K-3C61N</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">VF5XA-FNDDJ-085GZ-4NXZ9-N20E6</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">UC5MR-8NE16-H81WY-R7QGV-QG2D8</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ZG1WH-ATY96-H80QP-X7PEX-Y30V4</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">AA3E0-0VDE1-0893Z-KGZ59-QGAVF</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<p>这些都是破解密钥</p>
<h2 id="下载Ubuntu-22-04-1-server"><a href="#下载Ubuntu-22-04-1-server" class="headerlink" title="下载Ubuntu 22.04.1-server"></a>下载Ubuntu 22.04.1-server</h2><p>进入Ubuntu的中文网站：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9jbi51YnVudHUuY29tL2Rvd25sb2Fk" title="https://cn.ubuntu.com/download">Ubuntu系统下载 | Ubuntu<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108110118.png" alt=""></p>
<p>根据最新的版本下载即可。本次使用使用USB或者DVD的物理镜像安装。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108110130.png" alt=""></p>
<h1 id="VM安装Ubuntu"><a href="#VM安装Ubuntu" class="headerlink" title="VM安装Ubuntu"></a>VM安装Ubuntu</h1><p>Vm安装完成之后，我们直接去官方网站下载Ubuntu 22.04.1 的Sever版本，在VM当中我们选择直接创建的新的镜像。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108102308.png" alt=""></p>
<p>在磁盘中选择下载下来的ISO镜像文件。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108102325.png" alt=""></p>
<p>选择直接下一步</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108102651.png" alt=""></p>
<p>选择磁盘大小，这里个人磁盘空间比较充足，选择了30GB。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108102709.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="选择语言"><a href="#选择语言" class="headerlink" title="选择语言"></a>选择语言</h2><p>这里建议使用英文语言：</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108102733.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="选择键盘"><a href="#选择键盘" class="headerlink" title="选择键盘"></a>选择键盘</h2><p>下面是选择键盘的方式，默认下一步即可：</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108103052.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="配置网络"><a href="#配置网络" class="headerlink" title="配置网络"></a>配置网络</h2><p>注意：如果这里配置网络一会安装系统速度可能会较慢，因为ubuntu会从网络上下载更新。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108103137.png" alt=""></p>
<p>可以选择DHCP获取 IP，有利于新手快速学习，如果读者有IP知识也可以按tab键配置IP相关 地址，如上图中标记。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108103204.png" alt=""></p>
<p>比如可以参考下面的方式配置网络IP</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108103220.png" alt=""></p>
<p>配置的固定IP地址如上图所示，地址段根据vm默认即可，DNS为公共可用DNS。</p>
<h2 id="选择代理"><a href="#选择代理" class="headerlink" title="选择代理"></a>选择代理</h2><p>选择代理，这里直接使用默认的设置即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108104922.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="选择软件源"><a href="#选择软件源" class="headerlink" title="选择软件源"></a>选择软件源</h2><p>如果开启联网，ubuntu 默认会选择根据软件源进行下载。如果需要联网更新这里可以配置清华源的地址：</p>
<p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9taXJyb3JzLnR1bmEudHNpbmdodWEuZWR1LmNuL3VidW50dQ==" title="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></p>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：可以选择VM外的粘贴功能粘贴进去，清华源有ubuntu20,有的源没有，此处也可安装完毕配置。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108105023.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="磁盘分区"><a href="#磁盘分区" class="headerlink" title="磁盘分区"></a>磁盘分区</h2><p>新手建议直接使用官方给的默认分区配置。这里就选择默认的使用整块磁盘自动分区。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108105404.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="磁盘分区信息预览"><a href="#磁盘分区信息预览" class="headerlink" title="磁盘分区信息预览"></a>磁盘分区信息预览</h2><p>最后是分区的信息预览，这里直接<code>Done</code>即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108105455.png" alt=""></p>
<blockquote>
<p>提示：确认是否继续，继续后会对磁盘进行格式化<strong>会破坏磁盘数据</strong>，如果是宿主机系统重装建议提前备份。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="配置系统信息"><a href="#配置系统信息" class="headerlink" title="配置系统信息"></a>配置系统信息</h2><p>配置系统主机名、登录用户和密码。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108105927.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="OpenSSL安装"><a href="#OpenSSL安装" class="headerlink" title="OpenSSL安装"></a>OpenSSL安装</h2><p>这里需要手动勾选一下，按空格键勾选图中的小方框内为小叉子，然后按tab键选择Done继续。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108110443.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="可选安装"><a href="#可选安装" class="headerlink" title="可选安装"></a>可选安装</h2><p>Ubuntu提供一些流行的常见运维工具提供默认安装，比如云服务器的构建，K8S，Docker的软件。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>这里个人勾选了docker和powershell。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108110611.png" alt=""></p>
<p>最后等待安装即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108110647.png" alt=""></p>
<p>注意安装过程中可能出现报错，此处为卸载光驱失败了，因为是虚拟机安装，可不用理会，按回车重启即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108111357.png" alt=""></p>
<p>当安装完成之后，最下方的界面会提示重启或者查看全部日志。我们选择重启然后等待Ubuntu做最后的初始化操作即可。</p>
<p>重启完成之后使用上面系统信息配置的用户登陆即可。注意这个用户<strong>不是ROOT</strong>，但是具备和ROOT相同的权限。</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108114929.png" alt=""></p>
<h1 id="Root用户配置"><a href="#Root用户配置" class="headerlink" title="Root用户配置"></a>Root用户配置</h1><p>Ubuntu 在第一次登陆之后需要设置ROOT用户的密码，切换Root和重新设置密码的命令如下：</p>
<p>修改root密码</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo passwd root</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>切换root账户</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo su</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>注意默认情况下无法用Root远程登陆。</p>
<h2 id="Root-远程登陆"><a href="#Root-远程登陆" class="headerlink" title="Root 远程登陆"></a>Root 远程登陆</h2><p>默认Ubuntu不允许root远程登录，后期如果想通过root登陆系统则必须修改SSH配置文件中的相关参数 才行。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config PermitRootLogin yes</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>修改之后需要重启SSHD后台进程：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo systemctl restart sshd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<h1 id="Xshell-远程连接"><a href="#Xshell-远程连接" class="headerlink" title="Xshell 远程连接"></a>Xshell 远程连接</h1><h2 id="检查设置"><a href="#检查设置" class="headerlink" title="检查设置"></a>检查设置</h2><p>如果在之前的安装步骤中没有安装OpenSSL，可以使用下面的命令安装：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install openssh-server</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在连接之前，需要保证 xshell 所在主机 和 ubuntu( 虚拟机 ) 相互能平通，因为ssh远程连接是通过网络连接的，如果网络不通，就无法连接。</p>
<p>Ubuntu 系统使用<code>ip addr</code>命令查看网络IP，Windows主机使用<code>ipconfig</code>查看网络IP：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ip addr</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108114023.png" alt=""></p>
<p>Window主机地址如下：</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108114350.png" alt=""></p>
<p>双方向主机Ping一下，如果都能联通，可以进行下一步，否则需要检查网卡配置是否正确。</p>
<h2 id="Xshell连接配置"><a href="#Xshell连接配置" class="headerlink" title="Xshell连接配置"></a>Xshell连接配置</h2><p>个人使用的版本为Xshell7教育版，在下面的界面中新建一个SSH远程连接，配置如下：</p>
<p><img src="https://adong-picture.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/adong/20230108114709.png" alt=""></p>
<p>第一次连接Xshell会警告安全性，直接同意即可，接着是提示输入用户名和密码。注意在默认情况下Ubuntu是不能用Root登陆的。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Connecting to 192.168.110.128:22...</span><br><span class="line">Connection established.</span><br><span class="line">To escape to <span class="built_in">local</span> shell, press <span class="string">'Ctrl+Alt+]'</span>.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-57-generic x86_64)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com</span><br><span class="line"> * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com</span><br><span class="line"> * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  System information as of Sun Jan  8 06:45:58 AM UTC 2023</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  System load:  0.0078125          Processes:                226</span><br><span class="line">  Usage of /:   41.8% of 13.67GB   Users logged <span class="keyword">in</span>:          1</span><br><span class="line">  Memory usage: 12%                IPv4 address <span class="keyword">for</span> docker0: 172.17.0.1</span><br><span class="line">  Swap usage:   0%                 IPv4 address <span class="keyword">for</span> ens33:   192.168.110.128</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">60 updates can be applied immediately.</span><br><span class="line">To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Last login: Sun Jan  8 03:46:40 2023 from 192.168.110.1</span><br><span class="line">xander@xander:~$</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="配置apt源"><a href="#配置apt源" class="headerlink" title="配置apt源"></a>配置apt源</h1><p>Ubuntu 使用的是apt命令进行安装的，如果之前未进行软件源，会使用Ubuntu的官网镜像默认的地址，基本等于说是在国外，如果要替换，可以使用下面的方案。</p>
<p><strong>清华大学</strong>的镜像站的配置网站如下：</p>
<p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9taXJyb3JzLnR1bmEudHNpbmdodWEuZWR1LmNuL2hlbHAvdWJ1bnR1Lw==" title="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/">ubuntu | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></p>
<h2 id="清华大学开源软件源配置方式"><a href="#清华大学开源软件源配置方式" class="headerlink" title="清华大学开源软件源配置方式"></a>清华大学开源软件源配置方式</h2><p>下面直接拷贝网站的内容。</p>
<p>本镜像仅包含 32/64 位 x86 架构处理器的软件包，在 ARM(arm64, armhf)、PowerPC(ppc64el)、RISC-V(riscv64) 和 S390x 等架构的设备上（对应官方源为ports.ubuntu.com）请使用 <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9taXJyb3JzLnR1bmEudHNpbmdodWEuZWR1LmNuL2hlbHAvdWJ1bnR1LXBvcnRzLw==" title="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu-ports/">ubuntu-ports 镜像<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>。</p>
<p><strong>手动替换</strong></p>
<p>Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件是 <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">xander@xander:~$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># newer versions of the distribution.</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy main restricted</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy main restricted</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## distribution.</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy universe</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy universe</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates universe</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates universe</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## security team.</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-security universe</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-security universe</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>手动替换的方式可以参考网站，因为不同的版本替换方式不太一样，这里为<code>22.04LTS</code>的版本。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line">deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 预发布软件源，不建议启用</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>命令替换</strong></p>
<p>命令替换的方式使用下面的命令即可。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo sed -i <span class="string">"s@http://.*archive.ubuntu.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn@g"</span> /etc/apt/sources.list</span><br><span class="line">sudo sed -i <span class="string">"s@http://.*security.ubuntu.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn@g"</span> /etc/apt/sources.list</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h1 id="apt简介"><a href="#apt简介" class="headerlink" title="apt简介"></a>apt简介</h1><ul>
<li>apt等同于Centos7的yum命令</li>
<li>apt-get是第一代的包管理工具，最稳定</li>
<li>apt是改进的包管理工具，比apt-get要先进，官方推荐使用apt来管理软件</li>
</ul>
<p>apt和CenterOs系统的区别如下：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>操作内容</th>
<th>Centos6/7</th>
<th>Debian/Ubuntu</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>1.软件包后缀</td>
<td>*.rpm</td>
<td>*.deb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2.软件源配置文件</td>
<td>/etc/yum.conf</td>
<td>/etc/apt/sources.list</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3.更新软件包列表</td>
<td>yum makecache fast</td>
<td>apt update</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4.从软件仓库安装软件</td>
<td>yum install package</td>
<td>apt install package</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5.安装本地软件包</td>
<td>rpm -i pkg.rpm</td>
<td>dpkg -i pkg.deb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6.删除软件包</td>
<td>yum remove package</td>
<td>apt remove package</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7.获取某软件包的信息</td>
<td>yum search package</td>
<td>apt search package</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h1><p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWZqLmNvbS5jbi9sdXIzNDM3Lmh0bWw=" title="https://mefj.com.cn/lur3437.html">Ubuntu 20.04 live server版安装(详细版) | 运维密码 (mefj.com.cn)<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span></p>
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